Retrovirology Blog
New Book: Recent Advances in Human Retroviruses, Principles of Replication and Pathogenesis
A new book “Recent Advances in Human Retroviruses: Principles of Replication and Pathogenesis” has been published this month by World Scientific Press. A description of this book can be viewed at the following link https://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/7629.html . This book is edited by three Retrovirology editors, Andrew ML Lever, Kuan-Teh Jeang, and Ben Berkhout. It is somewhat different from similar volumes in covering simultaneously the three major types of human retroviruses, HIV, HTLV, and human endogenous retroviruses. There are 15 chapters spanning almost 500 pages. Each chapter is informatively illustrated and written with a clarity and depth that should appeal to students, researchers, and medical professionals. The 15 chapters with authors are listed below.
- The Role of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells in Retroviral Pathogenesis (P Banerjee et al.)
- Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1, Cellular Transformation, and Adult T-Cell Leukemia (J Yasunaga & K-T Jeang)
- Application of Proteomics to HTLV-1: Understanding Pathogenesis and Enhancing Diagnostics (O J Semmes et al.)
- Antisense Transcription in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1: Discovery of a New Viral Gene (B Barbeau et al.)
- Regulation of HTLV-1 Transcription by Viral and Cellular Proteins (
N Polakowski & I Lemasson) - Cellular Factors Involved in HIV-1 RNA Transport (C A Williams et al.)
- Integration Site Selection by Retroviruses and Retroviral Vectors (C Cattoglio & F Mavilio)
- Syncytins in Normal and Pathological Placentas (A Malassiné et al.)
- Vpu, Tetherin and Innate Immunity: Antiviral Restriction of Retroviral Particle Release (S J D Neil)
- Retrovirus Replication: New Perspectives on Enzyme and Substrate Dynamics (J W Rausch et al.)
- Non-Human Primates in HIV-1 Research (W M J M Bogers)
- Lentiviral Integration and the Role of the Cellular Cofactors LEDGF/p75 and Transportin-SR2 (B van Heertum et al.)
- Retrovirus Restriction Factors (R S Harris et al.)
- Rev Revisited: Additional Functions of the HIV-1 Rev Protein (B Grewe & K Überla)
- HIV-1 Interactions with Small RNA Induced Silencing Mechanisms (J Haasnoot & B Berkhout)
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 23:48 Comments (0)
A few days ago, ISI Thomson released the 2009 Impact Factor report. I don’t place too much credence on isolated Impact Factors, but they are worth considering in the context of other data. Based on the 2009 release, Retroviirology continues to be positioned firmly in second place amongst virology journals that publish original research. We pay some attention to how we compare with other virology journals. Below, I show the three years’ trend for J. Virol, Retrovirology and Virology. Both J Virol and Virol have experienced small drops in Impact Factor, while Retrovirology has remained steady and managed a small gain. For Retrovirology this increase is occurring even in the face of our publishing 10 to 15% more papers each year. (The first number is 2007 IF, then 2008 IF, and 2009 IF)
J. Virol. 5.33 5.30 5.15
Retrovirology 4.04 4.04 4.10
Virol ogy 3.76 3.53 3.04
Of interest, I also looked at the 2008 and 2009 Impact Factor numbers for some of the other journals that retrovirus research papers often are published. The Journal of Molecular Biology went from 4.15 to 3.87; Biochemistry from 3.38 to 3.33; the Journal of Biological Chemistry from 5.52 to 5.33; Journal of Neurovirology from 1.86 to 2.34.
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 16:25 Comments (0)
A series of review articles on HIV and macrophages
This month Retrovirology has published a series of reviews on HIV and macrophages. This is an important topic that is comprehensively covered by these 8 papers. Below is a listing of the 7 review articles and 1 summarizing commentary. These articles have been catalyzed by the efforts of Monsef Benkirane who is the Retrovirology editor who initated this series.
Review 
Limelight on two HIV/SIV accessory proteins in macrophage infection: Is Vpx overshadowing Vpr ?
Diana Ayinde, Claire Maudet, Catherine Transy, Florence Margottin-Goguet
Retrovirology 2010, 7:35 (9 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
Review
Macrophage signaling in HIV-1 infection
Georges Herbein, Gabriel Gras, Kashif Aziz Khan, Wasim Abbas
Retrovirology 2010, 7:34 (9 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
Review
The macrophage in HIV-1 infection: From activation to deactivation?
Georges Herbein, Audrey Varin
Retrovirology 2010, 7:33 (9 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
Review
Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 persistence in the monocyte-macrophage lineage
Valentin Le Douce, Georges Herbein, Olivier Rohr, Christian Schwartz
Retrovirology 2010, 7:32 (9 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
Review
Host hindrance to HIV-1 replication in monocytes and macrophages
Anna Bergamaschi, Gianfranco Pancino
Retrovirology 2010, 7:31 (7 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF] [PubMed] [Related articles]
Review
Molecular mechanisms of neuroinvasion by monocytes-macrophages in HIV-1 infection
Gabriel Gras, Marcus Kaul
Retrovirology 2010, 7:30 (7 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
Review
HIV-1 assembly in macrophages
Philippe Benaroch, Elisabeth Billard, Raphael Gaudin, Michael Schindler, Mabel Jouve
Retrovirology 2010, 7:29 (7 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
Commentary
Journey to the heart of macrophages: the delicate relationship between HIV-1 and a multifaceted cell type
Andrea Cimarelli
Retrovirology 2010, 7:28 (7 April 2010)
[Abstract] [Provisional PDF]
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 21:00 Comments (0)
Kurth & Bannert's "Retroviruses" book
A few weeks ago, I was sent a book “Retroviruses: Molecular Biology, Genomic, and Pathogenesis” (www.caister.com ) edited by Reinhard Kurth and Norbert Bannert. I was asked to make a few comments about this book and to publicize it in the Retrovirology blog. Certainly, Retrovirology blog is an appropriate venue to bring to the attention of the retrovirus community expertly written and edited books like this one. I should, however, put out a disclaimer. Andrew Lever,
I wanted to read the Kurth and Bannert “Retroviruses” book immediately when I first received it. However, due to other commitments, I decided to first file it away on my book shelf. Upon doing so, I quickly realized that the K& B “Retroviruses” title in some ways could be confused by younger colleagues with the very similarly titled “Retroviruses” tome edited by Coffin, Hughes & Varmus. Both books have the same intention of reviewing the biology of retroviruses. The K&B version is more nuanced while the CH&V one is more comprehensive in scope.
Kurth and Bannert’s “Retroviruses” has sixteen chapters covering retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses, animal retroviruses, and of course the human retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1. For HIV-1, there is especially good coverage of entry, uncoating, reverse transcription, integration, transcription, splicing, assembly and release. These aspects are a bit unevenly covered for the other retroviruses. For example, the chapter on “Transcription of…retroviral RNA” is essentially restricted to the mechanisms of Tat and HIV-1 LTR. Uninitiated students might then be surprised to learn elsewhere that the mechanisms of other LTRs and that of the HTLV-1 Tax protein are quite different. Despite the expected bias towards HIV-1, the book does contain excellent chapters on non-primate mammalian retroviruses, simian retroviruses, fish retroviruses, use of retroviral vectors, and cellular factors that restrict retroviral infection. All the chapters are beautifully illustrated and written by some of the most respected authorities in the field.
I highly recommend K&B’s “Retroviruses” book to both students and expert colleagues.
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 17:34 Comments (0)
Thierry Heidmann lectures in Montpellier
Earlier this month Thierry Heidmann delivered a lecture in Montpellier, France and received his Retrovriology Prize trophy. Colleagues organized a "lunch buffet" in his honor. Thierry is pictured with several colleagues below.
From left to right: Christian Devaux, Marc Sitbon, Thierry Heidmann, and Monsef Benkirane.
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 18:52 Comments (0)
Retrovirology article discussed in amfAR eNews
Below is an article from amfAR eNews.
Animal Model Enables Researchers to Track the Evolution of HIV
Jeffrey Laurence, M.D., and Rowena Johnston, Ph.D.
However, sometimes a virus evolves that can out-compete the virus that initially infected the patient, due to changes that may render it less susceptible to attack by the immune system or antiretroviral drugs. These new drug-resistant viruses may also be more or less likely to be transmitted sexually. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) itself exerts “pressure” on HIV populations to evolve, leading to the natural selection of resistant viruses that may have any of the above characteristics. It is therefore crucial to understand how quickly and under which circumstances these drug-resistant viruses emerge, and whether they have any clinically relevant ramifications.
It is difficult to study the emergence of drug-resistant virus in people because of complicating factors such as the potential for repeat infections with new viral strains or imperfect HAART adherence, which is known to increase the rate at which drug resistance emerges. amfAR grantee Dr. Zandrea Ambrose, working at the University of Pittsburgh, with colleagues from the National Cancer Institute, Tufts University, and the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, solved these problems by using an animal model that could better control for these possibilities and permit new studies of the evolution of HIV and HIV drug resistance.
Writing in the November issue of the journal Retrovirology, Ambrose and associates reported using a chimeric AIDS virus created in the laboratory by joining the outer envelope and other genes of the monkey AIDS virus, SIV, with the reverse transcriptase gene of the human AIDS virus, HIV. Nine different versions of this virus were injected into three monkeys. The researchers were then able to follow the fate of each of the nine virus subpopulations as they competed with each other for survival inside a single animal under three different conditions. Initially, the monkeys received no treatment, then they were treated with a single anti-HIV drug, and finally, they received a complete HAART regimen consisting of three different anti-HIV drugs.
When the monkeys were treated with a single drug, the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz (Sustiva), viruses carrying mutations that rendered them resistant to efavirenz became dominant within about three months. However, during subsequent treatment with HAART, those viruses that were able to replicate during treatment with efavirenz alone were predominantly susceptible to more comprehensive anti-HIV therapy. This suggested that when a subject is being treated with a full complement of anti-HIV drugs, the presence or absence of at least some known drug-resistant mutations does not greatly influence which types of virus persist, in that drug-resistant virus does not necessarily overtake the original virus.
The authors concluded, “Our new method provided a valuable tool for studying HIV subpopulation emergence, persistence, and decline during ART.”
Dr. Laurence is amfAR’s senior scientific consultant and Dr. Johnston is vice president and director of research.
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 16:59 Comments (0)
The 2009 Retrovirology Prize trophy
Below is a picture of the 2009 Retrovirology Prize trophy awarded to Thierry Heidmann.
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 18:04 Comments (0)
Proclamation of World AIDS Day 2009 by President Obama
The following is the Proclamation of World AIDS Day 2010 by US President Barack Obama.
Presidential Proclamation-- World AIDS Day
A PROCLAMATION
Our Nation joins the world in celebrating the extraordinary advancements we have made in the battle against HIV and AIDS, and remembering those we have lost. Over the past three decades, brave men and women have fought devastating discrimination, stigma, doubt, and violence as they stood in the face of this deadly disease. Many of them would not be here today, but for the dedication of other persons living with HIV, their loved ones and families, community advocates, and members of the medical profession. On World AIDS Day, we rededicate ourselves to developing a national AIDS strategy that will establish the priorities necessary to combat this devastating epidemic at home, and to renewing our leadership role and commitments abroad.
Though we have been witness to incredible progress, our struggle against HIV/AIDS is far from over. With an infection occurring every nine-and-a-half minutes in America, there are more than one million individuals estimated to be living with the disease in our country. Of those currently infected, one in five does not know they have the condition, and the majority of new infections are spread by people who are unaware of their own status. HIV/AIDS does not discriminate as it infiltrates neighborhoods and communities. Americans of any gender, age, ethnicity, income, or sexual orientation can and are contracting the disease.
Globally, there are over 33 million people living with HIV. While millions have died from this disease, the death rate is slowly declining due, in part, to our Nation's global effort through the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program. However, HIV remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Women and children around the world are particularly vulnerable due to gender inequalities, gaps in access to services, and increases in sexual violence. While the statistics are distressing, new medications and scientific advancements give us reason for hope.
Tackling this disease will take an aggressive, steadfast approach. My Administration is developing a national HIV/AIDS strategy to bolster our response to the domestic epidemic, and a global health initiative that will build on PEPFAR's success. We will develop a strategy to reduce HIV incidence, improve access to care, and help eliminate HIV-related health disparities. We have already ensured that visitors to our shores living with HIV are not marginalized and discriminated against because of their HIV status. We have also secured the continuation of critical HIV/AIDS care and treatment services. Today, we recommit ourselves to building on the accomplishments of the past decades that have dramatically changed the domestic and global HIV/AIDS landscape.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, BARACK OBAMA, President of the United States of America, by virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and the laws of the United States, do hereby proclaim December 1, 2009, as World AIDS Day. I urge the Governors of the States and the territories subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and the American people to join in appropriate activities to remember those who have lost their lives to AIDS, and to provide support and comfort to those living with this disease.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord two thousand nine, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and thirty-fourth.
BARACK OBAMA
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 22:34 Comments (0)
Citations to Retrovirology articles continue to trend positively
We and others have made the point that a much better measure of scientific importance is reflected in actual citation numbers rather than in the often difficult to understand term “Impact Factor” (see http://www.retrovirology.com/content/6/1/82 ). Accordingly, it is informative to consider periodically how total citations to Retrovirology as a journal stack up. Below, you will see a graph of data captured from ISI Web of Science tabulating annual citations to Retrovirology from 2005 to November 20, 2009. Please keep in mind that there is a bit more than a month remaining in 2009, so the final number for 2009 will be higher. Nevertheless, the slope of annual citations to Retrovirology articles continues in 2009 in an encouragingly positive manner.
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 13:50 Comments (0)
Postdoctoral position available in Vienna Austria
Retrovirology / Cancer Research / Stanislav Indik, Walter Günzburg
University of
A four year PostDoc position is available in the
Large body of scientific evidence suggests that a retrovirus that is closely related to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), which is associated with mammary adenocarcinomas and T-cell lymphomas in mice, is responsible for breast carcinogenesis in humans. A number of independent laboratories identified DNA sequences of MMTV-like virus as well as the presence of anti-MMTV antibody-crossreactive proteins in human breast cancer tissue. Furthermore, recently our laboratory unequivocally demonstrated that MMTV is capable of infecting various human breast cancer cell lines. This evidence further supports the idea that MMTV (or a virus that is very closely related to MMTV) is enzootically transmitted from mouse to human, similarly as it has recently been suggested for another retrovirus - xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) that was shown to be associated with human prostate cancer.
Our aim is to isolate MMTV-like virus from a human breast cancer tissue and demonstrate its potential to productively infect human cells and cause carcinogenic transformation in an animal in vivo model. Furthermore, we would like to investigate a possible role of the newly discovered MMTV-encoded accessory proteins in tumorigenesis.
Successful candidate must hold a PhD degree in life sciences or Dr. med.vet. or Dr. med. degree. Applicants should have a keen interest in cancer research and a strong background in molecular biology. Application should contain: full CV, publication list, application letter, 2 letters of recommendation and should be submitted electronically to: rektorat@vetmeduni.ac.at ; stanislav.indik@vetmeduni.ac.at ; Walter.Guenzburg@vetmeduni.ac.at (Also for informal enquiries).
Further information:
http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/science/jobs/107174-Postdoctoral-Fellowships
http://www.vetmeduni.ac.at/en/research/postdoc/pd190/
Closing date for proposals: Oct 30th 2009
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 20:12 Comments (0)
It is with extreme personal sadness that I learned of the passing of John Brady this past weekend after a courageous battle with colon cancer. In 1987, John and I were in the same laboratory when our mentor George Khoury passed on. Since 1987, John has been an esteemed colleague and a thoughtful friend. He and I ran the annual NIH George Khoury Lecture, and I have always admired John's insightul work on HTLV and HIV gene regulation. Our thoughts and prayers are with John's wife Larrine and his children. John --- you will be missed!!!
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 19:04 Comments (0)
Paul Gorry's new recombinant DNA success
Carolyn and Paul Gorry are delighted to announce the arrival of their new son, Mitchell Timothy Gorry, born at 9.30am Wednesday 8th April. He weighed in at 3.84 kg, and is 52 cm long. Both mother and baby are doing great. Congratulations to Carolyn and Paul on another recombinant DNA success!
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 15:50 Comments (0)
I received an announcement (see below) by email this past Thursday (January 29th) on the passing of Bill Harrington. Dr. Harrington was a colleague who had contributed immensely to HTLV-1 research. He will be missed.
"To all faculty, staff and students of the Miller School of Medicine, We are deeply saddened to announce that Dr. William J. Harrington Jr. has died as a result of a catastrophic event. Dr. Harrington, a professor of medicine in the Division of Hematology Oncology, was one of the nicest, most collegial and smartest physician scientists at the medical school.
His achievements, which are too many to list, have had an extraordinary impact on our patients, students and medical science. His research contributions, particularly at the intersection of viral infection and cancer, are immeasurable. Moreover, his commitment to health equity and access to the very best care for the least privileged was exemplary.
Bill was co-director of the William J. Harrington Medical Training Programs for
We have lost a truly outstanding faculty member, but even more significantly a very, very dear friend. Please join us in supporting his family through this difficult time.
Pascal J. Goldschmidt, M.D. Senior Vice President for Medical Affairs and Dean
Marc E. Lippman, M.D. Chair, Department of Medicine
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 20:13 Comments (0)
Jeremy Luban has told me about a very interesting podcast site for virology. This weekly podcast site "This week in Virology" is hosted by Vincent Racaniello. You can access this site for its insightful content at the following link: http://www.twiv.tv/
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 13:23 Comments (0)
Paul Gorry wins Young Tall Poppy Science Award
Burnet Institute HIV researcher wins Young Tall Poppy Science Award
Associate Professor Paul Gorry, Laboratory Head and Principal Fellow of the Centre for Virology at the Burnet Institute, is a winner in the Young Tall Poppy Science Awards VIC 2008. The Young Tall Poppy Science Awards recognise the achievements of 10 outstanding young Victorian researchers in the sciences including physical, biomedical, applied sciences, engineering and technology. Paul received the award for his internationally-recognised work in the field of HIV research focussing especially on how HIV infects cells of the brain and causes dementia and other neurological problems in patients with AIDS. Director and CEO of the Burnet Institute, Professor Brendan Crabb said,“ I am delighted that Paul’s commitment to research of the highest calibre and his career accomplishments have been recognised by this prestigious Award. “This is an outstanding achievement by one of the state’s brightest up-and-coming stars.” Paul Gorry said, “I wholeheartedly thank the Committee for this award. Important medical discoveries are made primarily through basic research efforts in the laboratory. I am looking forward to promoting science to the community, particularly young students, and to show how a career in science can make a significant difference to the health and wellbeing of individuals.” Paul is currently the recipient of an R. Douglas Wright Biomedical Career Development Award by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. He graduated from RMIT University with a Bachelor of Applied Science in Medical Microbiology in 1994, and completed a Doctorate of Philosophy in 1998. He then undertook a three year Postdoctoral Fellowship at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard Medical School in Boston, USA, before returning to Australia in 2001 to establish his laboratory at the Burnet Institute. The Young Tall Poppy Science Awards are made on a state-by-state basis in New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory, South Australia and Victoria. The Young Tall Poppy Science Awards recognise the achievements of younger researchers (up to 40 years of age). The Awards also provide them with an opportunity to demonstrate their value as role models by promoting and encouraging an interest in science among school students and the wider community. Previous Award winners have encompassed fields as diverse as cancer research, mental health, environmental engineering, water quality, gene therapy, immunology, fuel technology, climate change, chronobiology, physiotherapy, inorganic chemistry and information technology.
Posted by Kuan-Teh Jeang at 12:48 Comments (0)